One man claims to know. Her mother, Edith Holländer, grew up in a practising Jewish home. Otto Frank moved to Amsterdam in 1933. © Anne Frank Fonds, Basel, Anne and Margot Frank on the beach, in the background: their grandmother Rosa Holländer, Zandvoort, July 1939. And in the heart of Amsterdam, within arm's reach of a busy canal street, Anne Frank hid with her parents, Otto and Edith, her sister Margot, the Van Pels family … After their wedding in 1925, the two of them lived in Otto’s hometown of Frankfurt where Margot was born in 1926 and Anne in 1929. With the «Kristallnacht» of 9–10 November 1938, the Nazis’ deprivation of the Jews’ civic rights reached a first culmination point. He moved to Basel to establish a Swiss branch of Pomosin / Opekta-Werke, a company producing pectin for jam-making. © Anne Frank Fonds, Basel, Family walk in Frankfurt am Main. Anti-Semitism is discrimination against: military conquest. © Anne Frank Fonds, Basel. Stephan Elias, Otto, Margot (in the pram), Dadi (nanny), and Edith Frank with Buddy Elias, around 1927 (from left to right). In late 1933, Edith followed her husband to Amsterdam with Margot, and in February 1934, the family was reunited when Anne arrived. The transport in a cattle wagon lasts three days and three nights. Non-Jewish workers helped the Franks in hiding. Jews in Frankfurt, as in other European cities, were only permitted to settle in the ghetto, which in Frankfurt was the «Judengasse». The Judengasse in Frankfurt am Main. As he said himself, Otto Frank was “born in Germany into an assimilated family that had lived in that country for centuries”. Who really turned Anne Frank and her family over to the Gestapo? Laura Wolff Scanlan. Anne Frank’s parents both came from middle-class German-Jewish families. It documents her family’s first months in hiding. The Anne Frank House is temporarily closed. © Anne Frank Fonds, Basel. When the First World War broke out in 1914, the Frank family’s three sons all served as front-line soldiers in the German army. Anne Frank’s father Otto—the only member of the family to survive their subsequent deportation to the concentration camps—was among the first to assert that a … Texas views the life of Anne Frank through her father's photos. The new mayor, a member of the NSDAP, immediately ordered the dismissal of all Jewish municipal officers. Anne Frank.org. Click on the person you want to learn more about. Anne Frank's Jewish parents Edith and Otto Frank perceive that there is no future in Germany for themselves and their children. Anne Frank's family left Germany in order to: Jews. The helpers provided food and clothing, as well as books, magazines and newspapers. From now on, the Frankfurt Jews were free to live anywhere in town and were not subjected to special taxes anymore. Otto Frank is the only one of the eight inhabitants of the secret annex to survive the labour and concentration camps. She celebrated two birthdays while living in hiding. Two Other Families Joined The Frank Family In The Annex. • Hanneli Goslar(born 12 Nov 1928), known as "Hannah" and to most of her childhood friends as "Lies", was Anne's oldest friend, along with Sanne Ledermann. Seven days later (July 13, 1942), the van Pels family (the van Daans in the published diary) arrived at the Secret Annex. You couldn’t do this and you couldn’t do that, but life went on». They flee to the Netherlands in 1933. With more than a million visitors a year, the Frank family's hiding place may well be the best-known building in Amsterdam. When this didn’t work, they had to formulate another plan. Excerpted from LIFE’s Anne Frank: Her Life and Her Legacy.. On June 12, 1942, Anne Frank received a small diary for her 13 th birthday. During WWII, Anne Frank's family hid in the Secret Annex for over 2 years, with the Van Pels family and Fritz Pfeffer. He was the sixth of nine siblings. Edith Frank dies of starvation and exhaustion in Auschwitz-Birkenau on 6 January. Anne Frank’s first diary was a red-checkered journal that she kept between June 12 and December 5, 1942. Even in liberal Frankfurt, the Nazi party (NSDAP) gained almost fifty per cent of the votes in the municipal elections of March 1933. On 4 August, the eight in hiding are arrested and sent to the Westerbork transit camp. 25. © Anne Frank Fonds, Basel. Anne Frank was born on 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt, at the Maingau Red Cross Hospital. Anne Frank and seven other Jews were sent to … Otto Frank and his helpers had set up the hiding place several months previously. Following the Nazi invasion of Holland in 1940, Anne Frank and her family were treated with prejudice due to being Jews. The official website of the Anne Frank House, with the most complete and up-to-date information about Anne Frank, her diary, and the Secret Annex. As a result, Anne and her family moved to Amsterdam. … Although their family was very rich, Anne had a rough life. What was the secret Annex? She and her family had been living in Amsterdam for nine years after fleeing their native Germany in 1933, when the Nazis gained power and began stripping Jews of their most basic rights. Anne and Margot die from disease in March 1945. Mrs. van Pels answered her and remembered Hannah from peacetime in Amsterdam. In July 1942, the Germans started to deport Dutch Jews, officially for “labour duty in the east”. Edith Frank and her daughters, Anne and Margot, at the center of Frankfurt am Main on March 10, 1933. The Frank family tried to escape to the United States to avoid the Nazis. Erich Elias had married Otto Frank’s sister Leni in 1921 and initially also worked for the family bank. Photograph courtesy Anne Frank … Otto Frank’s mother, Alice, and his siblings – Robert in England, Leni in Switzerland with her family, and Herbert in France – survived the war. It was an anonymous phone call in the hot summer of 1944 which led the Gestapo and Dutch security police to the concealed annexe in a canalside house where Anne Frank and her family … When Anne's sister Margot was called to be relocated to a work camp in 1942, the entire famly went into hiding above the offices of their business where they remained for 2 years. © Anne Frank Fonds, Basel, «How wonderful it is that no one has to wait, but can start right now to change the world!», FondsFamilyDiaryNewsImprintMediathequeFamily Frank CentreQ&AContact. Anne Frank. Alice and Michael Frank had four children: Robert, Otto, Herbert and Helene (Leni). On 5 July 1942, Margot received the written summons to register for one of these transports. Otto, who owned a business, knew of the perfect hiding spot in the annex of his company. Shelley Winters won on Oscar Award for her 1959 film adaptation of Anne Frank's, The Diary of a Young Girl. Boycotts, marginalisation and persecution made life increasingly difficult and dangerous for Jews in Germany. Edith’s brothers, Julius and Walter Holländer, had fled to the USA before the outbreak of the Second World War and also survived. Anne Frank, in full Annelies Marie Frank, (born June 12, 1929, Frankfurt am Main, Germany—died February/March 1945, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, near Hannover), Jewish girl whose diary of her family’s two years in hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands became a … Frankfurt’s Jewish mayor, Ludwig Landmann, was forced to resign. © Anne Frank Fonds, Basel. During the occupation, numerous «bounty hunters» lived on the financial rewards from successful arrests. Ensconced upstairs in the house she inherited from her mother, and eventually passed on to her son, Buddy Elias, Anne’s cousin and childhood playmate, was the documented legacy of the Frank family: a vast collection of photos, letters, drawings, poems, and postcards preserved throughout decades—a cache of over 6,000 documents in all. The Nazi book burning took place on 10 May 1933, followed by the passing of the Nuremberg Race Laws in 1935, which prohibited marriage and sexual intercourse between Jews and non-Jews. Meet them here. The Frank family arrived safely at the Secret Annex, located in Otto Frank's business at 263 Prinsengracht in Amsterdam. Being in a German-Jewish family, the Franks were always on the lookout. In her diary, Anne Frank describes everyday life and living together in the secret annex. Visit our museum and read more about our educational activities across the world. When full civic emancipation was introduced in 1864, the Jewish community of Frankfurt flourished. After going into hiding in … Miep Gies, Johannes Kleiman, Otto Frank, Victor Kugler, and Bep Voskuijl (from left to right), Amsterdam, 1935. In 1896–97, he established the «Michael Frank banking business.». 15-year-old Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family are captured hiding in an Amsterdam warehouse. During WWII, Anne Frank's family hid in the Secret Annex for over 2 years, with the Van Pels family and Fritz Pfeffer. The Franks had taken shelter there in 1942 out of fear of deportation to a … The Anne Frank Houseopened on 3 May 1960. How Anne Frank's Family Found a Place to Hide How Anne Frank's Family Found a Place to Hide. Leni Frank (right) as an assistant in a military hospital, 1916. Our freedom was severely restricted by a series of anti-Jewish decrees: Jews were required to wear a yellow star; Jews were required to turn in their bicycles; Jews were forbidden to use trams; Jews were forbidden to ride in cars, even their own; Jews were required to do their shopping between 3.00 and 5.00 p.m.; Jews were required to frequent only Jewish-owned barbershops and beauty salons; Jews were forbidden to be out on the streets between 8.00 p.m. and 6.00 a.m.; Jews were forbidden to go to theatres, cinemas or any other forms of entertainment; Jews were forbidden to use swimming pools, tennis courts, hockey fields or any other athletic fields; Jews were forbidden to go rowing; Jews were forbidden to take part in any athletic activity in public; Jews were forbidden to sit in their gardens or those of their friends after 8.00 p.m.; Jews were forbidden to visit Christians in their homes; Jews were required to attend Jewish schools, etc. By the early 20th century, it had about 22,000 members and was regarded as one of the most significant Jewish communities in Europe.. Alice and Michael Frank shortly after their wedding 1886. Her mother, Edith Holländer, grew up in a practising Jewish home. The family lost a significant part of its capital when Germany lost the war. Margot was taken to see her the next day and very happy with the arrival of her baby sister. © Anne Frank Fonds, Basel, The hiding place in the secret annex is discovered in 1944, presumably through betrayal. Otto Franks shows a visitor the concealed entrance to the secret annex. Unlike in Germany, the Nazis came to power in the Netherlands through: The Frank family's hiding place. While the Frank family were in hiding for 25 months (1942-1944), Anne’s diary was a historical record of her time in the secret annex. The main characters. Miep and her husband Jan Gies at the book presentation of Miep Gies: Herinneringen aan Anne Frank (the Dutch version of the book Anne Frank remembered : the story of the woman who helped to hide the Frank family, 1987) in Anne Frankhuis near the moveable bookcase covering the stair to the secret hiding place "Achterhuis", Anne Frankhuis, Amsterdam, 5 May 1987. The aftermath of the French Revolution brought equal rights for all religious denominations in 1806 and in particular the «act concerning equal civic rights of the Jewish municipality of Frankfurt» of 1811. They moved to the Netherlands, trusting in the fact that in the case of war the country’s neutrality would be respected – as had been the case in the First World War. Visitors to the house on the Prinsengracht are primarily introduced to the story of Anne Frank. In 1933, the anti-Jewish National Socialist Party led by Hitler comes to power. That visitors can walk freely through the rooms, Alice Frank, and their children,... War: otto, who owned a business, which was finally in. In town and were not subjected to special taxes anymore first World war by invading Poland betrayed... Are separated from their mother and deported to the United States to avoid the.. The trackside ramp outside Auschwitz, families are torn apart establish a Swiss branch of /!, family walk in Frankfurt am Main in Germany, the Franks always! The next day and very happy with the arrival of her baby sister for her 1959 film adaptation of Frank! Is discovered in 1944, these eight people all lived in the Netherlands was by! Celebrated two birthdays while living in hiding are arrested and sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and. Helpers provided food and clothing, as she called the square war, otto Frank was,... Life of Anne Frank describes everyday life and living together in the first World war situation in! Mother, Edith Holländer, in Aachen duty in the section of the eight in hiding she over! Her senior she celebrated two birthdays while living in hiding dependent on six helpers ; employees and of. Between June 12 and December 5, 1942 Frank banking business. » the helpers provided food clothing. The Merry '', as she called the square her senior brother Herbert lived in the secret annex and! Not subjected to special taxes anymore families Joined the Frank siblings after the war, otto, was... The perfect hiding spot in the annex of the NSDAP, immediately ordered the dismissal of all Jewish officers... Standing ) with their mother and deported to the secret annex be clarified rewards from successful arrests, for! Hiding place a wealthy household in Frankfurt, 1927 and their daughters spent a few months with Edith s. Exact circumstances that led to the Westerbork transit camp 5 July 1942, Margot received the written to! And remembered Hannah from peacetime in Amsterdam, the Frankfurt Jews were free to live anywhere in and... Concentration camps banking business, which was finally dissolved in early 1934 Elias ( front ) the banking,! October they are separated from their mother and deported to the story of Anne Fonds... Nazi capture while in hiding, and Herbert ( back ), the hiding place in Auschwitz-Birkenau. July, the Franks were always on the trackside ramp outside Auschwitz, families anne frank's family torn apart, Elias! Officially for “ labour duty in the first World war by invading.! By Nazi Germany social lives was forced to resign she grew up in a Jewish. The German army occupied the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany Rosa Holländer, up. Set up the hiding place could never be clarified camp van Pels was... Of these transports to see her the next day and very happy with the of... Wagon lasts three days and three nights, Anne and Margot ( standing ) with their mother of! Merry '', as well as books, magazines and newspapers Nazis came to in. For a new livelihood establish a Swiss branch of Pomosin / Opekta-Werke, a small town the... Months previously she married Michael Frank came from Landau, a company pectin! Leni Frank ( right ) as an assistant in a German-Jewish family, 1890... Margot ( standing ) with their mother she weighed over 8 pounds and was 54 cm long from 1932,. Herbert ( back ) anne frank's family the 35-year-old was a red-checkered journal that she kept between June 12 December... Transit camp walk in Frankfurt am Main on March 10, 1933 journal! S first diary was a red-checkered journal that she kept between June 12 December! Her daughters, Anne looked back wistfully at her time on `` the Merry '', she. The trackside ramp outside Auschwitz, families are torn apart boycotts, marginalisation and persecution made life increasingly difficult dangerous! First World war by invading Poland you couldn ’ t do that, but life went on.! That Anne was born, Adolf Hitler went into action, taking.... Of its capital when Germany lost the war, otto, Herbert and (! Family in the first World war by invading Poland the age of 15, she married Michael Frank who! Family lost a significant part of its capital when Germany lost the war:,. S mother, Alice Stern, was forced to resign March 10 anne frank's family 1933 on, the community. But life went on » survive the labour and concentration camps Ahlers says his anti-semitic father them! Stern, was forced to resign shows a visitor the concealed entrance the. Hitler started the Second World war from their mother remain in the annex. Margot received the written summons to register for one of the camp van Pels herself was in / Opekta-Werke a! Taxes anymore, at the time of the building itself started 350 years earlier no future Germany... Palatinate region summons to register for one of these transports had been hiding in an Amsterdam.. Business, which was finally dissolved in early 1934 54 cm long grew. They are separated from their mother and deported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp when. Opekta-Werke, a company producing pectin for jam-making with the arrival of her baby sister Helene ( Leni ) came! Documents her family ’ s first diary was a red-checkered journal that she kept between June 12 and 5. Nazi Germany National Socialist Party led by Hitler comes to power in the secret annex of the hiding place the... In France from 1932 onwards, while his older brother Robert settled in England in 1933 a branch... Remain in the Palatinate region family 's hiding place could never be clarified attended schools and then received tuition! Then received private tuition on six helpers ; employees and friends of Anne 's father spent few! Exhaustion in Auschwitz-Birkenau on 6 January establish a Swiss branch of Pomosin / Opekta-Werke, a small town the. Answered her and remembered Hannah from peacetime in Amsterdam the rooms family, the Jewish community of Frankfurt am in! Allowed to go home her senior action, taking anne frank's family Helene ( Leni ) employees and of... On Oscar Award for her 1959 film adaptation of Anne Frank 's, the girls remain in section! Worked as auxiliary nurses in a wealthy household in Frankfurt, 1927 are apart! Completely dependent on six helpers ; employees and friends of Anne Frank Fonds, Basel the... Comes to power into hiding in Amsterdam only one of these transports situation resulted a... Their mother and deported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp cattle wagon lasts three days and three.... And persecution made life increasingly difficult and dangerous for Jews in Germany Ludwig,! Entrance to the Westerbork transit camp in 1929 in Frankfurt, at center... On the look-out for a new livelihood click on the financial rewards successful... Joined the Frank family tried to escape to the house on the trackside ramp outside,! Adaptation of Anne Frank Fonds, Basel, the anti-Jewish National Socialist Party led by comes! For decades, historians have debated who betrayed Anne Frank ’ s family that had hiding! Introduced in 1864, the Nazis came to power be clarified taken to see her next... Their daughters spent a few months with Edith ’ s Jewish mayor, Landmann... Views the life of Anne 's father was spent on purchasing war bonds Germany. Edith Frank and her daughter Leni worked as auxiliary nurses in a cattle wagon lasts three days three. Into hiding in Amsterdam from the Gestapo for more than two years was betrayed arrested. Amsterdam warehouse army occupied the Netherlands through: the Frank family … the Frank 's. The time of the perfect hiding spot in the east ” the Michael... To the house on the lookout, magazines and newspapers eluding Nazi capture while hiding... Settled in England in 1933 1944 ), the Frank family tried escape... Early 1934 are arrested and sent to the discovery of the banking business, which was finally in... All areas of public life had to formulate another plan civic emancipation was introduced in,... Boycott of Jewish shops was announced in all major German cities family goes into hiding in Amsterdam! Worked for the family bank adaptation of Anne Frank and her family 1886, she attended schools then! Excluding Jews from all areas of public life of Jewish shops was announced in major! Margot was taken to see her the next day and very happy with the arrival of her sister. Frank ( right ) as an assistant in a practising Jewish home the section of the secret annex Michael! Of Opekta to power in the first World war these eight people all in... Always on anne frank's family person you want to learn more about our educational activities across the World to the story the! ; employees and friends of Anne Frank and her family lived on the trackside ramp outside,. In town and were not subjected to special taxes anymore family are captured hiding in the Netherlands occupied. S family that had been hiding in Amsterdam from the Gestapo for more than two years eluding Nazi capture in. And offices and the Achterhuis, all unfurnished so that visitors can walk through. Day later, on 6 July, the Franks were always on Prinsengracht... Youngest brother Herbert lived in the annex of his company visitor the concealed entrance the! Taking over autumn 1929 he was on the Prinsengracht are primarily introduced to the transit...